> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.cffoundry.technology/cf-coding-practices/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.cffoundry.technology/cf-coding-practices/cfscript-snippets-and-hints.md).

# CFSCRIPT Snippets and Hints

## Transaction Integrity Protection

Instructs the database management system to treat multiple database operations as a single transaction. Provides database commit and rollback processing.

```
transaction {
	//do stuff
	if (good) {
		transaction action="commit";
	} else {
		transaction action="rollback";
	}
}
```

## Loops

### Simple Loop

```
for (i=1;i LTE ArrayLen(array);i=i+1) {
	WriteOutput(array[i]);
}
```

### While Loop

```
x = 0;
while (x LT 5) {
	x = x + 1;
	WriteOutput(x);
}
//OUTPUTS 12345
```

### Do / While Loop

```
x = 0;
do {
 x = x+1;
 WriteOutput(x);
} while (x LTE 0);
// OUTPUTS 1
```

### For / In Loop

The for/in loop can be used to loop through queries, structures, or arrays

```
//Structure Loop
struct = StructNew();
struct.one = "1";
struct.two = "2";
for (key in struct) {
	WriteOutput(key);
}
//OUTPUTS onetwo

//Array Loop
cars = ["Ford","Dodge"];
for (car in cars) {
	WriteOutput(car);
}
//OUTPUTS FordDodge

//Query Loop
cars = queryNew("make,model",
    "varchar,varchar",
    [ {"make":"Dodge","model":"Charger"}, 
    {"make":"Buick","model":"Encore"} ]);
for (car in cars) writeOutput(car.make & " " & car.model & " ");
//outputs Dodge Charger Buick Encore
```

## If / Then / Else

```
if (fruit IS "apple") {
	WriteOutput("I like apples");
}
else if (fruit IS "orange") {
	WriteOutput("I like oranges");
}
else {
	WriteOutput("I like fruit");
}
```

## Switch Statement

```
switch(fruit) {
    case "apple":
         WriteOutput("I like Apples");
         break;
    case "orange":
         WriteOutput("I like Oranges");
         break;
    default: 
         WriteOutput("I like fruit");
}
```

{% hint style="warning" %}
NOTE: If your switch statement executes multiple `case` conditions, then you likely don't have a break command at the end of the `case` conditions. Don't forget to have `break;` as your last line for all case conditions (doesn't apply to the `default` condition).
{% endhint %}

## Comments

Comments are done the same way a JavaScript: use `//` for single line comments and `/* */` to encompass multi-line comments. Do not use CFML comment markers: `<!--- --->`&#x20;

## Try / Catch / Throw

```
try {
	//throw an error message that will be caught by the catch statement
	throw(message="Oops", detail="xyz"); 
} catch (any e) {
	WriteOutput("Error: " & e.message);
	rethrow; 
} finally { 
	WriteOutput("I always run (error or no error)");
}
```


---

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